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A Mistaken Prayer
Bais Yosef, a 15th century scholar, teaches that someone who missed afternoon prayer on the Sabbath must recite the appropriate evening services, as well as an extra prayer to make up for the prayer that was missed. On a typical Saturday night, a separation prayer must be included, in order to emphasize a separation between the sanctity of Sabbath, and the rest of the week. In the first prayer, which is the proper evening service, not the one being made up, the separation prayer is to be recited. However, the prayer intended to show the separation between the sanctity of Sabbath and the rest of the week is not recited in the extra prayer. This is based on a discussion in the Talmud, Tractate Berachos 26b.
If he erroneously recited separation prayer in the second one, and not the first, he must repeat the first prayer. This is because the extra prayer that is recited must come second. The standard evening prayer must come first. By reciting the separation in the second prayer, he is showing his intention for the second to be the regular evening service, and the first to be the extra one.
There is a difference of opinion what to do in the following scenario. Someone intended the first prayer to be the standard evening prayer. He also intended the second to be the extra prayer. However he made the mistake of reciting the separation prayer in the second one, and ommitted it from the first one.
The question is, do we follow his intentions that were obviously proper, since he intended the extra prayer to come second, and it did. Or do we follow the actual prayer that indicates the first one was the extra one, as the separation prayer was omitted, and the second prayer is the evening service, because the separation prayer was recited.
Magen Avrohom and Derech Hachaim, two 17th century Talmudic scholars rule that it is not necessary to repeat the prayer, as we look at his intentions. Since his intentions were correct, we do not require him to repeat the prayer. The Taz and Eliya Raba require him to repeat the first prayer. This is because the omission of Havdalah, which is the name for the separation prayer indicates that it is the extra one. Since we view the first pray as th extra one, it must be repeated after the conclusion of the second prayer. Chofetz Chain rules like the Mogen Avrohom, and does not require the prayer to be repeated.
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