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Creating a Backyard Habitat for Your Local Wildlife
A wildlife habitat provides food, water, shelter, and space arranged to meet the needs of wildlife. No matter what size, your yard can be landscaped to attract birds, small animals, beneficial insects, and butterflies. Trees, shrubs, and other plants in your yard can provide shelter and food for a wide range of wildlife.
The plants you use to provide food and cover will play a large part in determining the specific wildlife species that might be attracted to your backyard. Adding nesting boxes, feeders, and watering sites, such as fountains and garden ponds, can greatly improve the habitat.
Planning is necessary for attractive and productive wildlife habitat. You have both a horizontal area to work with -- the size of your lot -- as well as a vertical area that stretches from your soil to the treetops. The vertical area is composed of the canopy formed by the tallest tree branches; understory vegetation consisting of smaller trees, shrubs, and vines; the floor which is often dominated by low-growing plants (grasses, flowers, etc.) and the basement where a wide range of organisms live in the soil. Different wildlife species live in each of these zones, so numerous habitats can be provided on a small piece of land.
Of course, trees, shrubs and flowers are the backbone of any landscaping design and are important for wildlife shelter. Many tree and shrub species are excellent sources of food for wildlife. Proper selection of plant material will meet both the aesthetic needs of the homeowner and the food and shelter needs of wildlife. Don't forget, you are also an important part of the habitat!
Native and non-native plants Native plants are more helpful to a wildlife habitat than non-native exotic plants. They generally require less fertilizer, less water, and less effort in pest control. Native plants are especially important to native wildlife. Pollinators, such as birds, bees and other beneficial insects may have co-evolved with a particular native plant species. Pollinators often depend upon a certain type of flower as a food source, while the flower depends on the pollinator to transport its pollen to other flowers for reproduction.
When non-native plants are used, they can often upset the delicate balance of the local ecosystem. They may even out-compete native species to the point of crowding them out completely. Native animal species benefit more when these native plant communities are maintained, or are restored to their natural habitats, providing the best source of food.
About the Author When you begin developing your habitat you may want to check out the possibility of including garden water fountains or garden waterfallsto make your backyard more appealing for you and your family in addition to your wildlife.
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