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What Lets A Robot Move: Linear Actuators
Mechanical energy is an area of science that is making strides every day. The study of how actuators produce mechanical motion by converting various forms of energy into mechanical energy is a source of great exploration. Science finds new ways to make use of actuators every day including for medical purposes. Many scientists believe that the more they study these seemingly simple machines, the more they will discover ways of helping mankind.
The way in which a linear actuator operates is that there is a motor that turns a drive screw using a synchronous timing belt drive. A few linear actuators can also use a worm gear or direct drive. Which ever the choice, the rotation of the screw pushes a drive nut down the screw, which then pushes the rod out. Spinning the screw in the opposite direction will retract the rod. The screw is either an ACME or ball thread or is belt-driven which is what gives the machine its motion. A cover protects the screw nut from environmental elements and contamination thereby allowing for the machines use continually without the chance of it getting gummed up. Thrust bearings permit the screw to turn freely under loaded conditions and gives the linear actuator its strength.
Motion control systems use actuators. Whenever you see a control system that is ran by a computer, used to move or control objects, it is made possible by actuators.
Actuators are used heavily in robotics and industrial robotics. The energy used to power them can come from a variety of sources such as: pneumatic, electrical, mechanical, and hydraulic.
Linear motion is when an object moves in a straight line. This is the basic concept that drives the linear actuator. One has to stop and consider when choosing a linear actuator which type they need to fit the purpose of their project. Some things to keep in mind are the speed, stroke length and load rating of the actuator. Programmability of the actuator is also a factor especially when the application will be one that requires specialized detail. A linear actuator can be used in just about any forum. Ask yourself some questions when attempting to choose the right one for your project such as are there particular safety mechanisms required, environmental concerns to be addressed or space issues?
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